Which windows have a steel or wood frame and open away from the building using a crank mechanism?

Casement windows are designed with a hinge on either the vertical side or top, enabling them to open outward away from the building when a crank mechanism is turned. This design allows for better ventilation because they can be positioned to catch the wind, thus improving airflow into the space. The construction of casement windows often includes sturdy materials like steel or wood, which adds to their durability and effectiveness as a barrier against the elements when closed.

In contrast, horizontal sliding windows operate by sliding from side to side, which doesn't involve a crank mechanism or outward opening. Awning windows, while they do open outward, are hinged at the top and generally open downward, not using a crank like casement windows. Projected windows also do not open in the same manner as casement windows, as they may refer to different styles of windows that either pivot or tilt but lack the distinct crank operation. Thus, the defining features of casement windows distinctly set them apart from the other types mentioned.